美国民众对工会支持率创50年来新高

On this Labor Day, organized labor is on the move.在这个劳动节，劳工组织正在行动。Hey, hey. Ho, ho. Corporate greed has got to go.嘿，嘿。嗬，嗬。企业的贪婪必须消失。Walking picket lines in Hollywood, signing up new members and in some cases celebrating wins at the bargaining table. 走进好莱坞的示威队列，登记成为新成员，有时还在谈判桌上庆祝胜利。Polls show public support for unions as close to its highest level in more than half a century.民意调查显示，公众对工会的支持率接近半个多世纪以来的最高水平。Organized labor still faces big obstacles, though.然而，劳工组织仍然面临着巨大的障碍。And for people who do not belong to a union, their bargaining power depends in large part on the overall health of the job market.对于不属于工会的人来说，他们的议价能力在很大程度上取决于就业市场的整体健康状况。We're going to spend a few minutes this morning talking about the state of labor with NPR's Andrea Hsu. Good morning, Andrea.今天早上，我们将花几分钟时间和NPR新闻的安德里亚·许讨论一下劳动状况。早上好，安德里亚。Good morning, Leila.早上好，蕾拉。So during the pandemic, a lot of workers became newly interested in forming a union. 在疫情期间，很多工人再次对组建工会产生了兴趣。And we've seen high-profile efforts to organize workers at Starbucks cafes, Amazon warehouses. So what's been the result?我们还看到星巴克咖啡馆和亚马逊仓库备受关注的组织工人的努力。那么结果如何呢?Well, there has been a lot of organizing activity, but with mixed results.嗯，有很多组织活动，但结果好坏参半。Workers petitioned for more than 2,500 union elections last year, the highest level in seven years. 去年，工人们发起了2500多项工会选举请愿，这是七年来的最高水平。And it has slowed down a little bit this year.今年的请愿速度有所放缓。But last year, less than half of the union elections ended up in wins for the unions, and even fewer resulted in collective bargaining agreements, a union contract.但去年，不到一半的工会选举以工会获胜告终，达成集体谈判协议(工会合同)的就更少了。And, you know, Leila, unionizing efforts at Starbucks first got underway two years ago. 蕾拉，星巴克成立工会的努力两年前就开始了。Since then, more than 300 stores have unionized, but not one of them has a contract. 从那以后，300多家商店成立了工会，但没有一家签订了合同。And I think that is one reason we have seen some slowdown in new organizing at Starbucks - because baristas just aren't seeing that there's been much gain for all their efforts. 我想这是我们看到星巴克的新组织工作有所放缓的原因之一，因为咖啡师们没有看到他们所有的努力都有很大的收获。And meanwhile, they have seen the lengths that the company has gone to to dissuade people from unionizing. 与此同时，他们也看到了公司为劝阻人们成立工会竭尽了全力。We've seen baristas fired. Stores have been closed. 我们看到咖啡师被解雇了。商店也已经关门。And while this is illegal, the penalties are so minimal they don't seem to be a deterrent.虽然这是违法的，但处罚是如此之轻，似乎并没有起到威慑作用。So a big risk and not much of a reward, it sounds like, so far - a lot of roadblocks for those trying to form new unions.迄今为止，这项活动似乎有很大风险，但却没有多少回报——对于那些试图组建新工会的人来说有很多障碍。So what explains this continued enthusiasm?如何解释工人对此热情依旧呢?Well, public perception of unions has shifted a lot in the last few years. 在过去的几年里，公众对工会的看法发生了很大的变化。Not only are unions popular again, but a new Gallup poll found 34% of respondents believe unions are getting more powerful. 不仅工会再次受到欢迎，而且一项新的盖洛普民意调查发现，34%的受访者认为工会正变得越来越强大。And that's a huge jump from just five years ago, when only 19% thought unions were gaining strength. 与五年前相比，这是一个巨大的飞跃，当时只有19%的受访者认为工会正在增强力量。And you can kind of see what's behind the shift. 你可以看到这种转变背后的原因。This summer alone, pilots won big raises. 仅今年夏天，飞行员就获得了大幅加薪。UPS drivers got what the Teamsters calls the most lucrative contract in UPS history.美国联合包裹公司(UPS)司机获得了被美国卡车司机工会(Teamsters)称为UPS史上报酬最丰厚的合同。