美国2023财年财政赤字增长23%

First, we're digging into debt and deficit.

我们先来深入研究债务和赤字。

Both are growing in the United States, but where do the national debt and deficit come from? And what's the difference?

美国的债务和赤字都在不断增长。国家债务和赤字从何而来? 两者又有什么区别呢?

Here's cnn Jon Sarlin with more.

cnn记者乔恩·萨林将带来详细报道。

America lives on borrowed money. That's why the term debt and deficit get thrown around so much.

美国靠借钱生活。这就是为什么债务和赤字这两个术语经常会被乱用的原因。

Let's first start with our definitions.

让我们先从定义开始。

In a given year, a country will raise money through taxes and spend money on everything that a government spends money on.

在特定的一年里，一个国家通过税收筹集资金，并将这笔资金用在政府花钱的每一件事上。

If it spends more than it takes in, the difference is called a deficit.

如果支出超过了收入，这种差额就被称为赤字。

And the government has to borrow money to pay for it.

政府不得不借钱来偿还超出的费用。

Now, this leads us to debt and not just any debt, but the debt.

这将我们引向债务的定义，不是任何一项债务，而是债务总和。

The debt is the total sum of government owes.

债务是指政府所欠债务的总和。

In other words, a deficit is your dirty dish from last night. The debt is your sink.

换言之，赤字就是你昨晚留下的脏盘子，而债务是放脏盘子的水槽。

In the United States, our budget deficit has recently soared reaching $1.7 trillion in the most recent fiscal year.

美国的预算赤字在最近一个财政年飙升至1.7万亿美元。

That's a 23% increase from the previous year.

预算赤字比前一年增长了23%。

To give you some perspective, the richest man in America, Elon Musk is worth $180 billion, according to Forbes, nowhere near the U.S. deficit.

根据福布斯的数据，美国首富埃隆·马斯克的身价为1800亿美元，远远低于美国的赤字。

How much is a trillion dollars?

1万亿美元是多少?

Well, if you were to stack $1 bills on top of each other, 1 trillion of them would reach nearly 68,000 miles high.

嗯，如果把1美元的钞票叠在一起，1万亿美元的钞票将达到近68000(合109435392米)英里高。

That would be into outer space, almost a third of the way to the moon.

高度直逼外太空，几乎是到月球距离的三分之一。

So what's happening?

发生了什么?

According to a lead U.S. economist Bernard Yaros, more than 40% of the recent increase in our national deficit can be attributed to lower revenues from taxes, more spending on programs such as social security and Medicare also playing a part.

根据美国顶级经济学家伯纳德·亚罗斯的说法，美国最近增加的国家赤字中，超过40%可以归因于税收收入的减少，社保和医保等项目的支出增加也起到了一定作用。

As for our current national debt, it's well over $30 trillion.

至于我们目前的国债，已经超过了30万亿美元。

Check out this interactive article on cnn's website.

请查看cnn网站上的这篇互动文章。

Writer Tami Luhby compares U.S. debt to snow.

作家塔米·卢比把美国的债务比作雪花。

Starting with this small snowball in 1922, it represents $408 billion.

美债始于1922年的小雪球--4080亿的债务。

Over the years, the debt snowball kept growing, literally snowballing passing $10 trillion in 1998, and $30 trillion by the end of 2022, as the U.S. government spent more money than it collected.

多年来，美债像滚雪球一样不断增长，1998年美债超过10万亿美元，到2022年底超过30万亿美元，因为美国政府的支出大于收入。

The article puts that growing debt into perspective with this graph and breaks down the government's spending for the fiscal year 2022, $6.27 trillion.

这篇文章用这张图表评估了不断增长的债务，对美国政府2022财年的支出进行了分析，财政支出为6.27万亿美元。

You can take some time to scroll through the article yourself to learn more about the deficit and debt.

你可以花点时间自己滚动阅读这篇文章，了解更多关于赤字和债务的信息。

We'll leave a link under this episode on our YouTube channel.

我们会在本期YouTube频道下留下一个链接。