大学英语自学教程 下册 un08

[03:49.86]就像两个报时钟通常一块设置,
[03:52.59]but which have been reset a few hours apart.
[03:55.27]但被重新设置时相差了几个小时.
[03:57.95]Whereas the two clocks would normally sound their alarms together
[04:00.88]尽管这两个时钟通常会一块报时,
[04:03.80]now they ring at different times.
[04:05.93]但现在它们在不同时刻响铃.
[04:08.06]Similarly,the body can be set for evening while the sun is rising.
[04:11.64]类似地,当太阳升起时身体可能设定为晚上.
[04:15.22]In time the physiological system will reset itself,but it does take time.
[04:19.10]经过一段时间之后,生理系统将会重新自我调整过来.但这需要时间.
[04:22.97]One easily monitored rhythm is palm sweating.
[04:25.50]一个容易监测的节律是手掌出汗.
[04:28.02]A man flown to a time zone different by 10 hours
[04:30.90]一个飞至相差10小时的另一时区的人,
[04:33.79]will take eight days to readjust his palm sweat.
[04:36.82]要花8天去重新调整其手掌出汗的节律.
[04:39.85]Blood pressure,which is also rhythmical,takes four days to readjust.
[04:43.18]血压也是有节律的,需花4天时间才能得到重新调整.
[04:46.51]One reason for this discrepancy is that different bodily events are controlled by different factors.
[04:50.29]这种子差异的原因是不同的身体活动由不同因素的支配.
[04:54.06]The hormone cortisol,which controls salt and water excretion
[04:57.25]控制盐和水分排泄的皮质醇激素
[05:00.43]is made in the morning,wherever the body is.
[05:03.31]不管身在何处,是早上产生的.
[05:06.18]But the growth hormone is released during sleep
[05:08.82]但生长激素是在睡眠中释放的,
[05:11.46]whenever in the day that sleep occurs.
[05:14.10]无论何时睡眠.
[05:16.73]Normally these two hormones are separated by seven or eight hours,
[05:19.96]通常这两种激素相隔七八个小时释放,
[05:23.19]but if the body arrives at a destination in the early morning(local)
[05:26.52]但如果人体在一大早(当地时间)到达目的地
[05:29.85]and goes to sleep as soon as possible,
[05:32.19]并且忙快睡着了,
[05:34.52]the two hormes will be released simultaneously.
[05:37.61]这两种激素将同时释放.
[05:40.69]What can we do about it?
[05:42.52]  关于这点我们能做些什么呢?
[05:44.35]It is not feasible to wait four days until the body is used to the new time zone.
[05:47.98]等待几天直到身体适应新的时区是不可取的.
[05:51.61]Fortunately there is a short cut.
[05:53.68]幸好,有一条捷径.
[05:55.76]It relies on two things--
[05:57.59]它依靠两点---
[05:59.42]the power of the stomach to regulate-the fining of other events,
[06:02.31]胃调节其他活动定时的能力
[06:05.19]and the pharmacological actions of coffee.
[06:07.46]和咖啡的药物作用.
[06:09.74]The basic assumptions are:
[06:11.47]基本的道理是:
[06:13.21]Coffee delays the body clock in the morning and advances it at night.
[06:16.79]咖啡在早上可以延迟人体时钟,在晚上可以提早人体时钟.
[06:20.37]Coffee at mid-afternoon is neutral.
[06:22.59]咖啡在下午三点左右是中性的.
[06:24.81]Protein in meals stimulates wakefulness,while carbohydrates promote sleep.
[06:28.83]食物中的蛋白质使人不眠,而碳水化合物却引起睡眠.
[06:32.86]Putting food into an empty stomach helps synchronize the body clock.
[06:36.04]  空腹吃食物帮助人体时钟准时.
[06:39.23]Text B   Controlling Your Concentration
[06:42.16]控制你的注意力
[06:45.08]CONCENTRATION IS CENTERING YOUR ATTENTION
[06:47.50]  专心即是集中你的注意力
[06:49.91]Psychologically defined,
[06:51.64]按心理学定义,
[06:53.36]concentration is the process of centering one's attention over a period of time.
[06:56.94]专心是在一段时间内集中注意力的过程.
[07:00.52]In practical application,however,
[07:02.49]然而,在实际应用中,
[07:04.46]concentration is not as simple to deal successfully with
[07:06.88]成功地对待专心这个问题
[07:09.30]as the definition may imply.
[07:11.18]并不像定义中所说的那样简单.
[07:13.06]For this reason,it is helpful to keep the following points in mind.
[07:15.84]因此,把以下几点记在心里是有帮助的.
[07:18.62]Your attention span varies.
[07:20.54]  你的注意力范围是变化的.
[07:22.46]Even with the greatest effort, our span of attention fluctuates
[07:25.35]  即使付出最大努力,我们注意力的范围还是波动的.
[07:28.24]You can demonstrate for yourself this fluctuation of attention.