大学英语自学教程 下册 un08

[07:30.81]你可以自己证明这种注意力的波动.
[07:33.38]In a quiet room,place a watch so that it can just scarcely be heard.
[07:37.17]在一个安静的房间里,把一块表放在刚刚能听到它的声音的地方,
[07:40.96]Listen carefully and notice how the ticking increases in apparent intensity,
[07:44.34]仔细听,注意到嘀嗒声是如何明显地提高强度的,
[07:47.72]fades to a point where it cannot be heard,and then increases again.
[07:50.66]继而,衰弱互听不到,然后又提高了.
[07:53.60]This phenomenon reveals how our span of attention fluctuates,
[07:56.42]这种现象提示了我们注意力范围是如何波动的,
[07:59.24]for the intensity of the ticking is actually constant.
[08:01.82]因为嘀嗒声的强度实际上是不变的,
[08:04.39]You pay attention to one thing at a time.
[08:06.41]  你在同一时刻注意一件事情.
[08:08.44]Evidence to date indicates that you attend to one idea at a time.
[08:11.42]至今为止的资料表明,在同一时刻你只能注意到一个念头.
[08:14.39]It is possible for your attention to shift so rapidly
[08:16.82]你的注意力可能转移地很快,
[08:19.25]that it seems that you attend to several concepts at once.
[08:21.98]似乎能立刻注意到几个概念.
[08:24.71]But apparently this is only an illusion.
[08:26.75]但显然这只是一个错觉.
[08:28.79]In high concentration the shift from the focus of attention
[08:31.41]在高度全神贯注下,注意力的焦点转移是在很适时时内,
[08:34.04]is of short duration and relatively infrequent.
[08:36.68]而且比较而言是很少发生的.
[08:39.31]An illustration of periods of high,moderate,and low attention.
[08:42.49]高度,适度,低注意期的说明
[08:45.66]High attention has long periods of attending and short distraction periods.
[08:48.98]高度注意有较长的注意期和很短的精神涣散期.
[08:52.30]In low attention
[08:53.81]在低注意力下,
[08:55.33]the periods of attending are short and the distraction periods long.
[08:58.25]注意期短而精神涣散期长.
[09:01.18]In moderate attention there is a mixture of the extremes.
[09:03.86]适度注意力融合了两种极端.
[09:06.53]Thus it is easy to see that it is highly unlikely
[09:09.26]因此,显而易见,
[09:11.99]that the student who has most of his attention centered on fancying at large
[09:15.27]把自己的注意力集中在胡思乱想上的学生
[09:18.55]will be able to recall even the major points of a lecture.
[09:21.28]甚至不能回忆起讲课的要点.
[09:24.01]Lack of concentration is a symptom,not the cause,of difficulty.
[09:26.99]缺乏集中力是困难的征兆,而不是原因.
[09:29.97]When a student says "I can't concentrate",what he is really saying is,
[09:33.24]当一个学生说"我不能集中注意力"时,他其实在说:
[09:36.52]"I can't attend to the task at hand because my distractors are too strong
[09:39.64]"因为分散我的注意力的东西太强,我不能专心于手头的工作."
[09:42.77]DISTRACTORS ARE OF TWO SORTS--PSYCHOLOGICAL AND PHYSICAL
[09:45.80]注意力的干扰物有两种:心理上的和物质上的
[09:48.83]A distractor is anything which causes attention
[09:53.58]to vary from a central focal point.
[09:55.55]  干扰物是任何可以引起注意力偏离中心焦点的东西.
[09:57.53]In the study situation distractors may be thought of
[10:00.20]在学习的情况下,干扰物
[10:02.88]as either psychological or physical in nature.
[10:05.40]实际上可以被认为是心理的或者是物质的.
[10:07.92]Both types of distractors must be understood
[10:12.89]before the student can attempt to remedy his lack of concentration.
[10:15.71]在学生浓度补救自己的缺乏之前,应当首先理解这两种类型的干扰物.
[10:18.53]Emotions are the most powerful distraetors.
[10:20.75]  情绪是最强大的干扰物
[10:22.97]The angry man forgets the pain Of injury,
[10:25.10]  生气的人会忘记伤害的疼痛,
[10:27.23]the fearful man finds it difficult to enjoy pleasure
[10:29.60]恐惧的人会发现很难享受愉悦,
[10:31.98]and the tense or anxious person may react violently to the smallest of matters.
[10:35.31]紧张,焦急的人可能对极小事情反应强烈.
[10:38.64]In the student's life there are many psychological pressures and tensions
[10:41.67]在学生生活里,有许多心理压力和紧张,
[10:44.70]which block effective productivity.
[10:46.88]这些都影响了学习效率.
[10:49.06]The fears about making the grade
[10:50.84]对达到良好要求的担忧,
[10:52.62]the doubts of the friendliness of a friend's behaviour