大学英语自学教程 下册 un08

[10:57.06]and the pressures of limited finances
[10:58.94]对朋友行为是否友好的怀疑和对资金有限的压力
[11:00.82]these are only a few of the emotional forces which affect the student.
[11:03.69]---这些仅仅是几种影响学生的精神压力
[11:06.57]Emotional reaction varies greatly from person to person.
[11:09.24]  情绪的瓜人与人有很大不同.
[11:11.92]Some persons gain goal and direction from their tensions
[11:14.60]一些人从他们的紧张中获得目标和方向,
[11:17.28]and actually do better because of them.
[11:19.20]实际上却因此而做得更好.
[11:21.12]Others fall apart under pressure,
[11:23.00]其他人在压力下崩溃了,
[11:24.88]while a few people do well despite the pressure.
[11:26.99]而一些人尽管有压力却做得很好.
[11:29.11]Physical distractors are always present and rarely understood
[11:31.89]  物质干扰物时常存在,难以理解
[11:34.67]Our environment is much more important to how we feel and react
[11:37.34]  我们的环境对于我们如何感受和反应
[11:40.00]than We often think.
[11:41.58]比我们经常认识到的重要得多.
[11:43.16]Particularly is this true of the effect of physical distractors on mental tasks.
[11:46.43]对脑力劳动的物质干扰的效果而言,尤为如此.
[11:49.69]One research report has shown that comprehension and retention of reading
[11:53.31]一项研究报告显示,
[11:56.93]were decreased when students listened to lively music
[11:59.41]学生听活泼的音乐时读书的理解力和记忆力降低了.
[12:01.89]However,rate of reading was not affected,
[12:04.11]然而,读书的速度未受影响,
[12:06.33]so that many students were not aware
[12:08.25]以至许多学生没有意识到
[12:10.17]that they were affected by the background distractor.
[12:12.41]他们受到了潜在干扰物的影响.
[12:14.64]Another study found that the ability to recall accurately
[12:17.27]另一项研究发现准确回忆的能力
[12:19.89]was affected by distracting conditions.
[12:22.13]受到份杂环境的影响.
[12:24.36]Most of the evidence indicates
[12:26.19]许多迹象表明
[12:28.02]that noise affects adversely higher mental task output.
[12:31.24]噪声对较高级的脑力工作或成果有不利影响.
[12:34.47]Still,the effect of distractors is seldom fully appreciated by students.
[12:38.05]干扰物的影响依然没有得到学生们的充分重视.
[12:41.63]ROUTINE AND REASONING TASKS ARE AFFECTED DIFFERENTLY BY DISTRACTORS
[12:44.87]  日常的和揄性的工作受到干扰物不同影响
[12:48.10]Many routine tasks can be performed with distraction in the background
[12:51.04]  许多日常工作能够在有干扰的背景下完成,
[12:53.98]with little or no adverse effect on output.
[12:56.76]其结果受到很小影响或无任何不利影响.
[12:59.55]Most students have found this fact to be true from their own experience
[13:02.28]许多学生从其自身经历中发现这是一个事实.
[13:05.01]They may have had high school homework
[13:06.83]他们中学时可能有的作业
[13:08.66]which was drillor merely copying assignments.
[13:10.94]只是练习或仅仅是抄作业.
[13:13.21]It was possible to do such work with the latest recordings
[13:15.85]在放着最新的唱片
[13:18.49]or the television set playing in the background.
[13:20.67]或演着电视的背景下,做这些作业是可能的.
[13:22.85]In time such students began to feel certain that they could do all work
[13:25.83]经过一段时间以后,这些学生开始感觉
[13:28.80]routine or problem-solving-in the same manner.
[13:31.18]他们肯定能够用同样的方式做所有的工作---日常工作或解决问题的工作.
[13:33.56]The evidence indicates the contrary conclusion.
[13:35.74]证据却表明了相反的结论.
[13:37.92]EXCEPTIONS  MAY  MISLEAD  YOU
[13:40.05]   例外可能训导你
[13:42.18]Typically when students are faced with the evidence on distractors
[13:44.91]  典型的情况是,当学生们面对关于干扰物的证据时,
[13:47.64]the argument is given that their cousin,
[13:49.91]就提出一个论据说,
[13:52.18]friend,or classmate can study in "Grand Central Station."
[13:54.85]他们的表兄弟,朋友或同学可以在纽约的"中央火车站"学习,
[13:57.51]And he makes "all A's" too!
[13:59.29]而且考试可以得"全优".
[14:01.06]There is evidence, of course,
[14:02.68]当然,有证据表明
[14:04.30]that motivation plays an important role in overcoming the effects of distractors
[14:07.62]动机在克服干扰物的影响方面起了重要作用.